718-7 Hemogloblin (gm/dL)

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H11b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Hemoglobin

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Hgb Bld-mCnc

Display Name

Hemoglobin (Bld) [Mass/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Hemoglobin, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

HEM/BC

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

17

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• Haemoglobin
• Hb
• HEMATOLOGY/CELL COUNTS
• Hgb
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

Related Codes

20570-8 Hematocrit (%)

Part Descriptions

LP15101-6   Hematocrit
The volume of packed red blood cells in a blood sample. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, in anemia the volume is low and in polycythemia it is high. Source: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H12b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Hematocrit

Property

VFr

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Hct VFr Bld

Display Name

Hematocrit (Bld) [Volume fraction]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Hematocrit, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

HEM/BC

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0m

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

40

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• Hct
• HEMATOLOGY/CELL COUNTS
• PCV
• Percent
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• Volfr
• Volume fraction
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

Related Codes

26464-8 WBC (K/mm3)

Part Descriptions

LP14419-3   Leukocytes
Leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that fight infection, neoplasms and other inflammatory conditions, and mediate allergic responses. There are five types of WBCs normally present in the circulation that are all derived from a similar stem cell in the bone marrow. The five type of WBCs are divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of granules in the cytoplasm. The granulocytes include the neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. The non-granulocytes include the lymphocytes and the monocytes. The neutrophils fight infection by ingesting and digesting bacteria. Eosinophils and basophils respond to allergic reactions and are capable of ingesting antigen-antibody complexes. Monocytes phagocytose bacteria and release interferon to stimulate the immune system. Lymphocytes are divided into T-cells and B-cells. T-cell immunity is cellular and involves the activation of phagocytes and B-cell immunity uses antibodies to fight infection. Both elevated and low leukocyte counts can be markers of infection and malignancy, and low leukocyte counts are associated with a variety of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, depending on the WBC type(s) that are out of range. (Mosby's manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests, Kathleen Deska Pagana; Timothy James Pagana, Elsevier St. Louis, Mo ©2010) Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H13b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Leukocytes

Property

NCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

WBC # Bld

Display Name

WBC (Bld) [#/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

White blood cell (WBC) count, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

HEM/BC

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.00

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Change Reason

Changed Order_Obs from 'Observation Only' to fit the current order use cases.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

68

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• #
• ABS
• absolute
• absolutes
• Blood
• Cnt
• Count
• Count/volume
• CT
• HEMATOLOGY/CELL COUNTS
• Leuc
• Leuk
• Leukocyte
• Lkcs
• Number concentration
• Number Concentration (count/vol)
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• WBC
• WBCs
• White blood cell
• White blood cells
• Whole blood

Example Units

4548-4 HbA1c (%)

Part Descriptions

LP16413-4   Hemoglobin A1c
Currently (2010), four standardization protocols exist for measuring Hgb A1c:

1. IFCC - designated as a Reference Method or RM (http://www.ifcchba1c.net/)
2. NGSP - the long standing protocol used in the US and most other countries since the DCCT study (http://www.ngsp.org/factors.asp)
3.JDS/JSCC - a protocol used in Japan, Spain and possibly other countries
4. Swedish - used in Sweden at least

Protocols 2-4 are known as Designated Comparison Methods (DCM) and have been connected to the Reference Method and each other through various regression equations.

Because of the high degrees of standardization within protocol it should no longer be necessary to specify a LOINC code with a method such as "HPLC", "electrophoresis" or anything else. Analytical instruments will be designed so that an Hgb A1c result can be traced back to a specific standardization protocol, so the important distinction will be the standardization protocol as described above and which will be carried in the method field.

A meeting of instrument manufacturers (presumably including Japanese) in Milan, Italy, December 12, 2007, agreed (among other items) that:

-All manufacturers should implement worldwide the traceability to the IFCC reference system for Hgb -A1c.
-All new instruments sold after January 1st, 2011 will report (as a result of an Hgb A1c test) both SI (mmol/mol - no decimals) and NGSP derived units (percentage - one decimal), in agreement with the Consensus Statement.
-Note they only committed to supporting protocol (1) and (2)

Different countries are adopting the international harmonization recommendations in different ways. We have information from the NGSP that the US will continue to report only Hgb A1c/NGSP, with the unit percent - i.e., no change. In Great Britain, labs have already started to report all results both as Hgb A1c (NGSP) in % and Hgb A1c (IFCC) in mmol/mol. In Canada, they are awaiting a recommendation from an expert panel. Any of these measures could be reported in the same units, but the convention for the reporting Hgb A1c under the new IFCC protocol will be to use units of mmol/mol to avoid confusion between the DCCT/NGSP and the IFFCC protocol.

LOINC has defined 59261-8 (Hemoglobin A1c/Hemoglobin.total in Blood) by IFCC protocol.

These protocols produce different results when expressed in the same units. For example, the equivalent of Hgb A1c (NGSP) of 6.5% is Hgb A1c (IFCC) is 4.8%.

The NGSP web site (http://www.ngsp.org/factors.asp) suggests the use of alternate measures, such as glycated albumen, for patients with severe iron deficiency, dialysis patients, and those with SS SC CC because of over or under reading that can occur with these interferences. It also describes the effect of abnormal hemoglobins on results of HbA1c by instrument.

Studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C [22238408], and it has been suggested that some descendants of sub-Saharan Africa may have higher levels of measured hemoglobin A1C compared to glucose levels due to hemoglobin variants PMID: 31675503. Source: Regenstrief Help

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H14b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Hemoglobin A1c/Hemoglobin.total

Property

MFr

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

HbA1c MFr Bld

Display Name

HbA1c (Bld) [Mass fraction]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

HbA1c/Total Hgb, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Change Reason

Release 2.70: CLASS: Changed Class from HEM/BC to CHEM as A1C tests are more correctly classified in CHEM.; Previous Releases: Changing from the property from Mass fraction to substance fraction has not effect on the meaning when the molecular weight of the numerator and the denominator are the same (for practical purposes). These terms had had a property of MFR in the past and we changed to SFR because we thought the LOINC community preferred SFR for HbA1c. But we mis understood the preference is to use the MFR variant- so we have changed back.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

88

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• Chemistry
• Endocrine
• Endocrinology
• GHb
• Glycated hemoglobin
• Glycohaemogolobin
• Glycohemogolobin
• Glycosylated hemoglobin
• HA1c
• Haemoglobin
• Hb
• HbA1c
• Hgb
• Hgb A1c
• Mass fraction
• Percent
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Tot
• Totl
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

Related Codes

2947-0 Sodium (mEq/L)

Part Descriptions

LP15099-2   Sodium
Sodium (Na) is a positively charged electrolyte and a mineral. Eighty-five percent of Na is located in the blood and lymph fluid. The hormone aldosterone that is secreted by the adrenal glands helps to regulate Na levels by signaling the kidneys to either retain or secrete it. Damage or disease to the kidneys can lead to dangerous fluctuations of sodium. Na plays a number of key roles in the homeostasis of the human body. It helps to maintain blood volume by osmotically pulling water into the blood vessels. Too much sodium in the blood may cause too much water to be brought into the blood vessels and lead to high blood pressure. Muscles and nerves conduct electrical impulses that require charged particles including Na. The electrical currents cause muscle cells to contract and nerve cells to relay electrical signals between them. Too little sodium can lead to muscle spasms, cramps, headache, irritability, restlessness, nausea and fatigue. Extreme hyponatremia can lead to confusion, hallucinations, decreased consciousness and coma. Conversely, hypernatremia can cause lethargy or restlessness, deep tendon reflexes, muscle spasticity and seizures. Source: Regenstrief LOINC, Sodium healthy eating

Observation ID in Form

H15b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Sodium

Property

SCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Sodium Bld-sCnc

Display Name

Sodium (Bld) [Moles/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Sodium, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

261

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• Chemistry
• Level
• Na
• Na+
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Substance concentration
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

Related Codes

6298-4 Potassium (mEq/L)

Part Descriptions

LP15098-4   Potassium
Potassium (symbol K from Latin:kalium) is a key chemical element involved in neuron function and influencing osmotic balance between cells and interstitial fluid. Depletion in potassium levels results in deficient fluid and electrolyte balance in the body as well as various nervous and cardiac dysfunctions. Studies suggest diets high in potassium can reduce the risk of hypertension and possibly stroke. Foods rich in potassium include parsley, dried apricots, potatoes, bananas, avocados, soybeans, and bran, as well as most fruits, vegetables, meat and fish. Overall, clear cases of potassium deficiency are rare in healthy individuals. Copyright Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ for details. Source: Wikipedia, Potassium (Wikipedia)

LP15098-4   Potassium
An element that belongs to the alkali group of metals. Symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the main cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. Source: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006

Observation ID in Form

H16b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Potassium

Property

SCnc

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Potassium Bld-sCnc

Display Name

Potassium (Bld) [Moles/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Potassium, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0f

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

219

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood
• Chemistry
• k
• K+
• Level
• Point in time
• Potass
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Substance concentration
• UniversalLabOrders
• WB
• Whole blood

Example Units

Related Codes

3094-0 BUN (mg/dL)

Part Descriptions

LP14492-0   Urea nitrogen
Urea nitrogen is the waste product formed in the liver when proteins are broken down into their respective amino acids. Once proteins are metabolized in the liver, urea nitrogen is released from the liver to the kidneys via the bloodstream. The kidneys then filter the urea nitrogen out of the bloodstream into the urine. Although the kidneys filter out most of the urea nitrogen in the blood, small traces of stable urea nitrogen remain in circulation. To evaluate kidney function, a blood urea nitrogen test (BUN test) is conducted. High amounts of urea nitrogen in the BUN test indicate complications with kidney function or decreased blood flow to the kidneys. A decrease in urea nitrogen in the BUN test is indicative of severe liver disease or malnutrition. [Lab Tests Online:bun/tab/sample/] Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H17b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Urea nitrogen

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Ser/Plas

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

BUN SerPl-mCnc

Display Name

Urea nitrogen [Mass/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

9

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Blood urea nitrogen
• BUN
• Chemistry
• Kidney
• Level
• Mass concentration
• N
• N2
• Nephrology
• Nit
• Pl
• Plasma
• Plsm
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Renal
• SerP
• SerPl
• SerPlas
• Serum
• Serum or plasma
• SR
• UN
• UniversalLabOrders

Example Units

2160-0 Creatinine (mg/dL)

Part Descriptions

LP14355-9   Creatinine
Creatinine or creatine anhydride, is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle. The loss of water molecule from creatine results in the formation of creatinine. It is transferred to the kidneys by blood plasma, whereupon it is eliminated by glomular filtration and partial tubular excretion. Creatinine is usually produced at a fairly constant rate and measuring its serum level is a simple test. A rise in blood creatinine levels is observed only with marked damage to functioning nephrons; therefore this test is not suitable for detecting early kidney disease. Creatine and creatinine are metabolized in the kidneys, muscle, liver and pancreas. Copyright Copyright ©2005-2009 Genome Alberta (Reference to original publication: Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, et al. HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 37(Database issue):D603-610.) Source: Human Metabolome Database, Creatinine

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H18b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Creatinine

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Ser/Plas

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Creat SerPl-mCnc

Display Name

Creatinine [Mass/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Creatinine, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

4

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Chemistry
• CR
• Crea
• Creat
• Kidney
• Level
• Mass concentration
• Nephrology
• Pl
• Plasma
• Plsm
• Point in time
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Renal
• SerP
• SerPl
• SerPlas
• Serum
• Serum or plasma
• SR
• UniversalLabOrders

Example Units

1751-7 Albumin (gm/dL)

Part Descriptions

LP6118-6   Albumin
A non-glycosylated protein that is synthesized in the liver parenchymal cells, regulated by colloid osmotic pressure from interstitial fluid surrounding hepatocytes, and catabolized in nearly all organs. Albumin comprises >50% of plasma proteins in plasma, CSF and urine, and therefore is a key contributor to intravascular oncotic pressure and regulating fluid concentration in tissues. Albumin also binds and transports a variety of endogenous substances and medications. Serum albumin measurement is a reflection of hydration and nutritional status, blood oncotic pressure, liver and kidney function, and other chronic diseases, and the ratio of albumin in the CSF and serum can be used to evaluate blood brain barrier disorders. [Tietz] Urine albumin of less than 30 mg/day is considered normal. Microalbuminuria is defined as urine albumin of 30-300 mg/day and is an early sign of kidney damage from disorders such as diabetes or hypertension. Albuminuria is urine albumin >300 mg/day and is associated with overt kidney disease. PMID: 25512779 Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H19b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Albumin

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Ser/Plas

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Albumin SerPl-mCnc

Display Name

Albumin [Mass/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Albumin, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

39

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Alb
• Chemistry
• Hepatology
• Kidney
• Level
• Liver
• Mass Concentration
• Nephrology
• Pl
• Plasma
• Plsm
• Point in time
• Protein.albumin
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• Renal
• SerP
• SerPl
• SerPlas
• Serum
• Serum or plasma
• SR
• UniversalLabOrders

Example Units

14338-8 Prealbumin (mg/dL)

Part Descriptions

LP15837-5   Prealbumin
Prealbuimn, a tetrameric protein (MW 50,000-70,000) composed of 4 chains, migrates on electrophoresis in 3 distinct fractions. It migrates faster than serum albumin and its concentration ranges from 7 to 33 percent in the serum. The levels of prealbumin levels decrease in liver disease. Source: National Library of Medicine, MeSH 2006

Observation ID in Form

H20b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Prealbumin

Property

MCnc

Time

Pt

System

Ser/Plas

Scale

Qn

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

Prealb SerPl-mCnc

Display Name

Prealbumin [Mass/Vol]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

Prealbumin, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

CHEM

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0k

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

675

Member of these Panels

Member of these Groups Get Info

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Chemistry
• Level
• Mass concentration
• PALB
• Pl
• Plasma
• Plsm
• Point in time
• Pre albumin
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• SerP
• SerPl
• SerPlas
• Serum
• Serum or plasma
• SR
• Transthyretin
• UniversalLabOrders

Example Units

6301-6 INR

Part Descriptions

LP17102-2   Coagulation tissue factor induced.INR
The INR is specifically intented for evaluating protime results on patients stabilized on long term oral anticoagulant therapy. The INR is not appropriate to evalulate hemostatic function in patients with liver disease, for screening for hereditary factor deficiencies or acquired vitamin K deficiencies, or for routine preoperative screening; this should be evaluated on the normal range in seconds. INR is calculated by the equation, INR = (PTR) raised to the power of ISI, where ISI = International Sensitivity Index (assigned to each reagent thromboplastin). PTR = prothrombin time ratio (pat PT/pop mean PT). Computation of the INR of specific thromboplastin reagent should allow for uniformity in prothrombin time testing regardless of the reagent system or instrumentation used. Source: Regenstrief Institute

Reference Information

Observation ID in Form

H21b

Fully-Specified Name

Component

Coagulation tissue factor induced.INR

Property

RelTime

Time

Pt

System

PPP

Scale

Qn

Method

Coag

Additional Names

Short Name

INR PPP

Display Name

INR Coag (PPP) [Relative time]

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

INR, Blood

Basic Attributes

Class

COAG

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 1.0f

Last Updated

Version 2.73

Change Reason

Changed Order_Obs from 'Observation Only' to 'Both' to fit current order use cases.

Order vs. Observation

Both

Common Test Rank Get Info

92

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• Clot
• Clottable
• Coag
• Coagulation assay
• Fac
• Fact
• Hematology
• Heme
• Internat norm ratio
• International normal ratio
• International normalization ratio
• International normalized ratio
• Plas
• Platelet poor plasma
• Point in time
• Pro time
• Prothrombin time
• Prothrombin time INR
• Protime
• Protime INR
• PT
• PT INR
• QNT
• Quan
• Quant
• Quantitative
• Random
• RlTm
• Tilt tube

Example Units

Related Codes