93906-6

ABO and Rh group [Type] in Blood--during infancy

Active

Term Description

During the first 4-6 months of life reverse grouping on infants may reflect maternal antibodies and it may take several months for newborns to develop their own antibodies against the A and B antigens not present on their own cells. Because of this, blood typing of infants often involves only forward grouping. In some jurisdictions, legislation dictates confirmation of blood grouping after a certain age (6 months in France).
Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Part Descriptions

LP36683-8   ABO & Rh group
In 1900, Landsteiner observed that the red cells of some individuals were agglutinated by the serum of others and his detailed report a year later heralded the discovery of the first human blood groups. His limited experiments on laboratory colleagues demonstrated three distinct groups; his pupils Von Decastello and Sturli discovered a fourth group in 1902. It was 25 years before these groups were shown to be inherited as Mendelian characters by means of three allelomorphic genes A, B and O and were, in fact, entities of one blood group system. For most of medicine this was considered a meaningless curiosity, but for those involved with the early development of transfusions it was quickly noted that transfusion of blood only of the same group could mean the difference between a successful outcome or a fatality. While various nomenclatures have been used to describe these factors, it was internationally decided in the mid-1940's that the characteristics would be individually identified as A, B, AB and O and the blood group system know as ABO. Since that time there have been billions of tests preformed and almost as many publications describing various aspects and associations of this blood group systems or its allelic products. The genes controlling the ABO system are located on the long arm of chromosome 9 and encode for either an a (1-3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (for A) or a (1,3) galactosyltransferase (for B). These transferases incorporate immunodominant sugars (GalNAc for A; Gal for B) on to one of four different types of oligosaccharide chains (type 2 is predominant on red cells, type 1 is found in secretions, plasma and some tissue) carried on glycosphingolipid or glycoprotein molecules. The placement of the A and B antigens is dependent upon the existence of a substrate produced by the Hh blood group system (ISBT # 018). Some individuals have weakened or variant expression of A and/or B which can be attributed to inheritance of variant forms of transferases. Those individuals that have neither transferases, inheritors of two amorph genes, are group O. To date, 14 A alleles, 14 B alleles and 8 O alleles have been identified at the molecular level and more remain to be found. The ABO antigens, as stated above are not restricted to the red blood cell membrane but can be found in saliva and all body fluids except spinal fluid if the individual has inherited a secretor gene. The antigens are also found on most epithelial and endothelial cells. It also appears on lymphocytes and platelets as it is adsorbed from the plasma. Alterations of ABH expression have been found in various forms of cancer. Furthermore, antigens of the ABO system may play a role in resistance to bacteria or viruses. Source: Serum, Cells and Rare Fluid Exchange, ABO & Rh

LP412133-3   during infancy BldBk
During the first 4-6 months of life reverse grouping on infants may reflect maternal antibodies and it may take several months for newborns to develop their own antibodies against the A and B antigens not present on their own cells. Because of this, blood typing of infants often involves only forward grouping. In some jurisdictions, legislation dictates confirmation of blood grouping after a certain age (6 months in France). Source: Regenstrief LOINC

Fully-Specified Name

Component

ABO & Rh group^during infancy

Property

Type

Time

Pt

System

Bld

Scale

Nom

Method

Additional Names

Short Name

ABO + Rh infant Bld

Display Name

ABO and Rh group during infancy (Bld)

Consumer Name Alpha Get Info

ABO and Rh group During Infancy, Blood

Example Answer List: LL2972-9

Basic Attributes

Class

BLDBK

Type

Laboratory

First Released

Version 2.67

Last Updated

Version 2.72

Order vs. Observation

Both

Member of these Panels

Language Variants Get Info

Related Names

• ABO + Rh
• ABO group and Rh type
• ABO+Rh Gp
• ABO+Rh Gp^infant
• Blood
• BLOOD BANK
• D phenotyping
• D typing
• infant
• Nominal
• Point in time
• Random
• Rh phenotyping
• Rh typing
• Typ
• WB
• Whole blood

LOINC Terminology Service (API) using HL7^® FHIR^® Get Info

Requests to this service require a free LOINC username and password. Below is a sample of the possible capabilities. See the LOINC Terminology Service documentation for more information.

CodeSystem lookup

https://fhir.loinc.org/CodeSystem/$lookup?system=http://loinc.org&code=93906-6

Third Party Copyright

This material includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) under license. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by The College of American Pathologists. "SNOMED" and "SNOMED CT" are registered trademarks of the IHTSDO.

This material includes content from the US Edition to SNOMED CT, which is developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and is available to authorized UMLS Metathesaurus Licensees from the UTS Downloads site at https://uts.nlm.nih.gov.

Use of SNOMED CT content is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the SNOMED CT Affiliate License Agreement. It is the responsibility of those implementing this product to ensure they are appropriately licensed and for more information on the license, including how to register as an Affiliate Licensee, please refer to http://www.snomed.org/snomed-ct/get-snomed-ct or info@snomed.org<mailto:info@snomed.org>. This may incur a fee in SNOMED International non-Member countries.

LOINC Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved. To the extent included herein, the LOINC table and LOINC codes are copyright © 1995-2024, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. See https://loinc.org/license for the full LOINC copyright and license.